Sanjoy Ghosh

Covestor Ltd. is an investment advisory firm headquartered in London, UK. The firm was founded in 2006 and do-business-as Interactive Advisors, Interactive Advisers, Interactive Brokers Asset Management, IB Asset Management, and IBKR Asset Management. It is owned by Covestor, Inc. and their ultimate parent is Interactive Brokers Group, Inc. (NASDAQ: IBKR) in the US. Covestor offers an online investment platform through which its clients (individuals, trusts, corporations and other legal entities) can invest in two types of portfolios: (1) trading strategies managed by third-party portfolio managers (“Manager Portfolios”) and (2) proprietary investment portfolios designed and managed by the firm itself (“Interactive Advisors Portfolios”).

PanAgora Asset Management, Inc. (PAM) is a SEC-registered investment advisor headquartered in Boston, Massachusetts. The firm was founded in 1989 and is a subsidiary of PanAgora Holdings, Inc., ultimately held by Power Corp. of Canada (TSE: POW) in Canada. PAM is the sponsor and investment manager for certain private unregistered investment pools, such as funds organized under US tax-qualified group trusts, domestic private funds organized as limited liability companies, and offshore private funds organized as Cayman Islands exempted companies. They also provide investment advisory services to institutional separate account clients.

Putnam Investment Management LLC (PIM) is a SEC-registered investment advisor and mutual fund manager headquartered in Boston, Massachusetts. Founded in 1971, the firm is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Putnam US Holdings I LLC and became an indirect, wholly-owned subsidiary of Franklin Resources, Inc. (NYSE: BEN) in 2024. PIM provides investment advice across all asset classes to individuals and institutions worldwide through separately managed accounts and pooled investment funds.

Covestor, Inc. operates as a online investment management platform. Its platform and technology allows delivering specialized active and passive investing solutions at a lower cost and with the benefit of online convenience. Its platform give investors access to institutional style investment strategies, delivered in the security of their own brokerage accounts. The company was founded by Perry Rael Blacher, Richard Kevork Tahta and Simon Veingard in 2007 and is headquartered in Boston, MA.