Société Royal Bank of Canada Toronto S.E.

Royal Trust Corp. of Canada (Royal Trust) is an investment management division of Royal Bank of Canada, (TSX: RY, NYSE: RY). The firm is headquartered in Toronto, Ontario. Royal Trust provides wealth and trust management services to clients worldwide.

RBC Global Asset Management (US), Inc. (RBC GAM-US), is a SEC-registered investment advisor headquartered in Minneapolis, Minnesota. The firm was founded in 1983 and formerly known as Voyageur Asset Management Inc. They are a subsidiary of RBC USA Holdco Corp. and their ultimate parent is Royal Bank of Canada (NYSE, TSE: RY). RBC GAM-US provides portfolio management services to registered mutual funds, private investment funds, trust programs, foreign funds such as UCITS funds, individuals (including high net worth individuals), wrap sponsors and other US and international institutions.

RBC Private Counsel (USA), Inc. (RBC PC USA) is a Canadian investment management firm headquartered in Toronto, Ontario. The firm is a wholly-owned direct subsidiary of Royal Bank Holding Inc., which is a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Royal Bank of Canada (TSE: RY). RBC PC USA was founded in 1998 to provide discretionary investment management and supervisory services to US individuals, their families and personal holding companies, and trusts.

Part of Royal Bank of Canada, RBC CMA LLC is a company that provides securities brokerage services. The company is based in New York, NY.

RBC Global Asset Management (Asia) Ltd. (RBC Asia) is the Hong Kong-based investment management subsidiary of RBC Global Asset Management, Inc., itself a subsidiary of Royal Bank of Canada (TSE, NYSE: RY), a multinational financial services company headquartered in Canada. Formerly known as RBC Investment Management (Asia) Ltd., the firm changed their name to RBC Global Asset Management (Asia) Ltd. in 2019. Founded in 1969, RBC Asia provides services such as advisory services and the management of mutual funds and discretionary portfolios to high-net worth individuals, institutional and niche corporate clients.

RBC Royal Bank (Trinidad & Tobago) Ltd. provides commercial banking services. It offers loans, mortgages, and investment services. The company is headquartered in Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago.

RBC Dominion Securities, Inc. (RBCDS) is a Canadian broker/dealer headquartered in Toronto, Ontario. The firm was founded in 1901 and is a subsidiary of Royal Bank of Canada (TSE, NYSE: RY). RBCDS provides a full spectrum of brokerage services to retail and corporate clients.

RBC Europe Ltd. is a wealth management firm headquartered in London, UK. The firm was founded in 1970 and is a subsidiary of Royal Bank of Canada Holdings UK Ltd., which is owned by Royal Bank of Canada (NYSE, TSE: RY) in Canada. RBC Europe provides wealth management, retirement planning, wealth strategies, annuities, insurance and credit solutions to wealthy clients and their families, and institutional clients.

RBC Insurance Services, Inc. provides personal and business insurance products, banking services, and wealth management solutions. It also offers administrative support services for the creditor insurance products offered to RBC Royal Bank personal and business clients. These include life, disability, and critical illness insurance for mortgages, personal loans, business loans and RBC Royal Bank credit card balances. The company is headquartered in Mississauga, Canada.

RBC Capital Markets LLC is a full-service brokerage and financial services firm headquartered in New York City. They are a direct subsidiary of RBC USA Holdco Corp. and a wholly-owned indirect subsidiary of Royal Bank of Canada (TSE, NYSE: RY). Founded in 2010, the firm is comprised of 3 major business lines: the Private Client Group, the Fixed-Income Group and the Clearing and Execution Services Group. The Private Client Group serves individual investors, while the Fixed-Income Group provides services to institutions, municipalities and non-profit organizations. The Clearing and Execution Services Group is a provider of clearing and execution services to independent brokers/dealers throughout the US. RBC Capital Markets focuses on the following sectors: communications, media, consumer/retail, diversified industries, energy, financial institutions, forest products, healthcare, infrastructure finance, mining & metals, real estate, social infrastructure, technology and the US municipal markets.

Part of SAS Rue la Boétie, RBC Investor Services Ireland Ltd. is an Irish company that provides investment and financial services. The company is based in Dublin, Ireland.

LMCG Investments LLC (LMCG) is an independent employee-owned, SEC-registered investment management firm headquartered in Boston, Massachusetts. The firm was originally founded by Lee Munder in 2000 as Lee Munder Investments Ltd. and changed its name into LMCG Investments LLC at the end of 2014. LMCG offers a broad range of investment strategies and solutions to institutional and private clients, globally.

RBC Investor Services Bank is the Great Britain-based subsidiary of Royal Bank Holding, Inc., itself a subsidiary of Royal Bank of Canada (NYSE: RY). Established as a joint venture between Royal Bank of Canada and Dexiain 2006, the firm is headquartered in London and operates as a strategic partner with their clients.

Royal Bank of Canada (New York Branch) operates as national commercial bank. The company is headquartered in New York, NY.

RBC Global Asset Management (UK) Ltd. (RBC GAM-UK) is the Great Britain-based, wholly-owned asset management subsidiary of Royal Bank of Canada Holdings UK Ltd., ultimately held by Royal Bank of Canada (TSE, NYSE: RY) in Canada. The firm is headquartered in London and was founded in 1998. RBC GAM-UK provides equity and fixed income solutions to a broad range of institutional clients.

Part of Royal Bank of Canada, Royal Bank of Canada Insurance Co. Ltd. is a company based in Sait Thomas, Barbados.

City National Bank engages in the provision of banking services. It offers commercial, private, preferred, wealth management, international banking, treasury management, and real estate services. The company was founded on January 4, 1954 and is headquartered in Los Angeles, CA.

Part of SAS Rue la Boétie, RBC Investor Services France SA is a French company that provides investment and financial services. The company is based in Paris, France. The CEO of the company is Philippe Legrand.

RBC Trust Trinidad & Tobago Ltd. is an investment advisor headquartered in Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago. Formerly known RBTT Trust Ltd., the firm was founded in 1959 and is a subsidiary of RBTT Financial Holdings Ltd. Their ultimate parent is Royal Bank of Canada (NYSE: RY, TSE: RY), which acquired the firm in June 2008. They offer a wide range of trustee services to individuals, small businesses, general commercial entities, regional and multi-national corporations and governments.

Part of SAS Rue la Boétie, RBC Investor Services Trust Hong Kong Ltd. is a trust bank. RBC Investor Services Trust Hong Kong Ltd. is based in Hong Kong, Hong Kong. The Chinese company was founded in 1987. The CEO is Francis Jackson.

West Indies Stockbrokers Ltd. operates as a stock broker. The company was founded in 1964 and is headquartered in Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago.

RBC Global Asset Management, Inc. (RBC GAM) is an investment advisor and mutual fund manager headquartered in Toronto, Ontario. They are an indirect, wholly-owned subsidiary of the Royal Bank of Canada (TSX, NYSE: RY). The firm was founded in 2008 following the merger of RBC Asset Management and Phillips, Hager & North Investment Management in Canada, together with the US-based institutional asset management company, RBC Global Asset Management (US). RBC GAM provides global investment management services and solutions to institutional, high-net-worth and individual investors through separate accounts, pooled funds, mutual funds, hedge funds, exchange-traded funds and specialty investment strategies.

Part of Royal Bank of Canada, RBC Municipal Products, Inc. is an American company that issues Asset-backed/Mortgage-backed/Structured Finance securities. The company is located in the US.

Part of Royal Bank of Canada, RBC Bank (Georgia), NA operates as a nationally chartered commercial bank. The company is based in Atlanta, GA.

City National Rochdale LLC (CNR) is the SEC-registered investment management subsidiary of CNR Holdings LLC, ultimately held by Royal Bank of Canada (NYSE, TSE: RY) in Canada. The firm was founded when Rochdale Investment Management LLC was combined with City National Asset Management, Inc. and City National Bank's investment management group, City National Asset Management. Headquartered in New York City, CNR provides portfolio management services to high net-worth individual investors as well as to registered investment companies and institutions.

Royal Bank Holding, Inc. engages in the provision of banking and investment related services. The company is headquartered in Toronto, Canada.

Part of SAS Rue la Boétie, RBC Investor Services UK LLP is a company that provides investment services. RBC Investor Services UK LLP is based in London, UK.