Ian A. Carstairs

Columbia Threadneedle Asset Managers Ltd. (CTAM) is an asset management firm headquartered in London, UK. The firm was founded in 1990 as F&C Asset Managers Ltd. and renamed BMO Asset Managers Ltd. in 2018. They changed their name to Columbia Threadneedle Asset Managers Ltd. when BMO rebranded to Columbia Threadneedle Investments in 2022. The firm is a subsidiary of Columbia Threadneedle AM (Holdings) Plc, ultimately held by Ameriprise Financial, Inc. (NYSE: AMP) in the US. CTAM manages a range of in-house and multi-manager funds for private individuals and institutional clients.

Manulife Investment Management (US) LLC (Manulife IM (US)) is a SEC-registered investment advisor headquartered in Boston, Massachusetts. The firm was founded in 1968 and is a subsidiary of John Hancock Subsidiaries LLC, ultimately held by Manulife Financial Corp. (NYSE, TSX: MFC), a Canadian-based financial services firm. Manulife IM-US manages assets for a variety of institutional and other types of clients, such as public and private pension funds, foundations, mandatory provident funds outside the US, financial institutions, investment trusts, separately managed account clients, and high net-worth individuals. The firm also manages registered funds, which includes UCITS, US and Canadian open- and closed-end mutual funds and privately offered unregistered investment funds.

Invesco Advisers, Inc. is a SEC-registered investment advisor headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia. They are a subsidiary of Invesco Group Services, Inc., ultimately held by Invesco Ltd. (NYSE: IVZ). The firm was founded in 1986 and previously known as Invesco Institutional NA, Inc. until April 2010 when Invesco Ltd. consolidated the businesses of their US investment advisors (Invesco AIM Advisors, Inc., Invesco AIM Capital Management, Inc., Invesco AIM Private Asset Management, Inc. and Invesco Global Asset Management NA, Inc.) under the name Invesco Advisers, Inc. They provide discretionary and non-discretionary investment advisory services to individuals, institutional and high net-worth clients through separate accounts, wrap fee programs and US registered investment companies and other Commingled Funds.

Goldman Sachs Asset Management LP (GSAMLP) is a SEC-registered investment advisor headquartered in New York City. The firm is a wholly owned subsidiary of GSAM Holdings LLC, and their ultimate parent is Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. (NYSE: GS). Founded in 1988, GSAMLP provides investment solutions to a range of individual and institutional investors worldwide.

Invesco Canada Ltd. is a Canadian mutual fund manager headquartered in Toronto, Ontario. The firm was founded in 1981 and formerly known as Invesco Trimark Ltd. and as AIM Funds Management, Inc. They are a subsidiary of Invesco Ltd. (NYSE: IVZ) in the US. Invesco Canada primarily provides investment advice to the Canadian Funds. In addition, the firm provides investment advice to investment companies, charitable organizations, pension plans, endowments, charities and corporations, banks, pooled investment vehicles, provincial or municipal government entities and insurance companies.

Debenhams Retail Ltd. owns and operates departmental stores. The firm offers a wide range of clothing for men, women and kids as well as lingerie, accessories and cosmetics. The company is headquartered in London, the United Kingdom.

Citigroup Global Markets Ltd. (CGML) is an international broker-dealer firm headquartered in London, UK. The firm was founded in 1983 and is a subsidiary of Citigroup Global Markets Holdings Bahamas Ltd., ultimately held by Citigroup, Inc. (NYSE: C) in the US. CGML has a major presence in the international financial markets as a dealer, market-maker and underwriter in equity and fixed income securities and offers risk-based solutions to producers and investors in commodity markets. They also provide corporate finance services to a wide range of corporate, institutional and government clients. Their trading activities encompass cash, exchange traded and OTC derivative markets.

Pictet Asset Management Ltd. (Pictet AM) is an alternative investment management firm headquartered in London, UK. The firm was founded in 1980 and is wholly owned by Pictet Asset Management Holding SA, which is ultimately owned by Banque Pictet & Cie SA in Switzerland. Pictet AM provides discretionary investment management services on a global scale to a wide range of international institutional clients. Furthermore, the firm also acts as the investment adviser or sub-adviser to US-based investment companies and other regulated and unregulated collective investment schemes in international jurisdictions. Pictet AM adheres to the UN Principles for Responsible Investment (UNPRI).

JPMorgan Asset Management (UK) Ltd. (JPMAM-UK) is the wholly owned, Great Britain-based investment arm of JPMorgan Asset Management International Ltd., ultimately held by JPMorgan Chase & Co. (NYSE: JPM) in the US. The firm was founded in 1974 and formerly known as JPMorgan Fleming Asset Management. They changed their name to JPMorgan Asset Management UK Ltd. in 2005. Headquartered in London, JPAM-UK provides investment advisory services to institutional clients, both US and non-US.

Jupiter Asset Management Ltd. (JAM) is an investment management firm headquartered in London, UK. The firm was founded in 1985 and is a subsidiary of Jupiter Investment Management Group Ltd., ultimately owned by Jupiter Fund Management plc (LON: JUP). They were previously a subsidiary of Commerzbank AG until 2007 when their senior management acquired the firm through a management buyout. The firm offers a range of actively managed strategies available to UK and international clients including equities, fixed income, multi-asset and alternatives. JAM is a signatory on a number of key initiatives such as the UN Principles for Responsible Investment.

Morgan Stanley Investment Management Ltd. (MSIM) is an asset management firm headquartered in London, UK. Founded in 1986, the firm is a subsidiary of Morgan Stanley Investments (UK), ultimately held by Morgan Stanley (NYSE: MS) in the US. MSIM offers a range of investment and risk management solutions to institutional and professional investors worldwide.

Manulife Investment Management (Europe) Ltd. (Manulife Europe) is the Great Britain-based asset management subsidiary of Manufacturers Life Insurance Co., itself a subsidiary of Manulife Financial Corp. (TSE, NYSE: MFC) in Canada. The firm was founded as Trendhandy Trading Ltd. in 1993 and was acquired by Manulife and in 1996. Headquartered in London, Manulife Europe offers clients a variety of funds including international and European equity funds. Their local research capabilities and market presence give them perspective on UK and European markets.

Blackfriars Asset Management Ltd. (Blackfriars) is the Great Britain-based, wholly-owned asset management subsidiary of The Hamon Investment Group Pte Ltd. in Hong Kong. Located in London, the firm was established in 1998 as part of WestAM. In 2006, BNY Mellon acquired 50% of WestAM to form WestLB Mellon Asset Management UK Ltd. Blackfriars is a specialist investment boutique. Their clients include savings banks, commercial banks, corporations, foundations, endowments, governments, central banks, insurance companies, mutual funds and pension funds. The firm manages segregated accounts and mutual funds including the Luxembourg-registered Compass umbrella fund.

Morgan Stanley Investment Management Co. (MSIM-Singapore) is an asset management firm headquartered in Singapore. The firm was founded in 1990 and is a subsidiary of Morgan Stanley (Singapore) Holdings Pte Ltd., ultimately held by Morgan Stanley (NYSE: MS) in the US. MSIM-Singapore manages assets for a range of institutional clients, which includes endowments, foundations, pension funds, corporations, governments, and high-net worth individuals. The Singapore office focuses on managing portfolios of Asian securities.

University of Houston System offers higher education degrees and job training or vocational study programs. It offers about 280 undergraduate and graduate degree programs in fields such as business, education, humanities and law. It was founded in 1927 and is headquartered in Houston, TX.

INVESCO UK Ltd. operates as a business credit institution. The company is headquartered in London, UK.

Thomas Miller Investment Ltd. (TMI) is an investment management firm headquartered in London, UK. The firm was founded in 1987 and is a subsidiary of Thomas Miller Investment Holdings Ltd., which is owned by Thomas Miller Holdings Ltd. in Bermuda. TMI provides investment management services for institutions and the advisers who serve them.

Invesco Fund Managers Ltd. is an investment management firm headquartered in Henley-on-Thames, UK. The firm was founded in 1967 and is owned by Invesco Ltd. (NYSE: IVZ) in the US. Invesco Fund Managers offers investment solutions to various types of clients.

Part of Invesco Ltd., Invesco International Holdings Ltd. is an investment holding British company. The company is based in Henley-On-Thames, UK. Founded in 1982, it functions as an investment holding company.

Buffettology Smaller Companies Investment Trust Plc operates as an investment trust. The company was founded on July 31, 2020 and is headquartered in London, the United Kingdom.

Part of Invesco Ltd., Invesco UK Holdings Ltd. functions as an investment holding company. The company is based in Henley-On-Thames, UK.

Avidian Wealth Solutions LLC (Avidian) is an independent, SEC-registered investment advisor headquartered in Houston, Texas. The firm was founded by Michael Smith in 2003 as Streettalk Advisors LLC and changed their name into STA Wealth Management LLC in 2013. They became Avidian Wealth Solutions LLC in 2021. Avidian provides investment supervisory services and manages investment advisory accounts for individuals, high net-worth individuals, pension and profit-sharing plans, pooled investment vehicles, and corporations or other business. They also provide investment management services on a wrap fee basis.