Christopher J. Gray

Macquarie Capital (Europe) Ltd. (MCEL) is the London-based subsidiary of Macquarie Group Ltd. (SY: MQG), a global provider of banking, financial, advisory, investment and fund management services. Operating as part of the Macquarie Capital Advisers division, MCEL provides investment advisory services in the UK and in continental Europe. In relation with Macquarie Securities Group, they provide access to Asia Pacific markets for European clients. In terms of research, MCEL supplies macro-economic, markets and stock level analysis to a diverse range of clients. Their capabilities cover equity, debt, ForEx, futures, metals and mining worldwide, economics and strategy. In 2009 Macquarie Group acquired the international brokerage firm Fox-Pitt Kelton Cochran Caronia Waller LLC. The London branch Fox-Pitt, Kelton Ltd. was absorbed into MCEL.

Morgan Stanley & Co. International Plc (MSCI) is a brokerage firm headquartered in London, UK. The firm was founded in 1986 and is a subsidiary of Morgan Stanley Investments (UK), ultimately held by Morgan Stanley (NYSE: MS) in the US. MSCI provides a range of brokerage services to corporations, governments and financial institutions.

BNP Paribas Securities (Asia) Ltd. (BNPP SEC ASIA) is the Hong Kong-based brokerage subsidiary of BNP Paribas SA (EPA: BNP), an international banking group headquartered in France. BNPP SEC ASIA provides electronic trading services to its clients, including its affiliates which take principal or riskless principal positons. Such services enable the access to, and execution of trades via, alternative liquidity pools (ALPs), or commonly known as dark pools, operated by other service providers or affiliates of the firm (Third Party ALPs).

Part of Value Partners Group Ltd., Value Partners Asset Management Singapore Pte Ltd. is a leading asset management firm based in Singapore, Singapore. Value Partners is honored to be recognized for its leadership and is one of the most respected asset management firms with assets of more than US$13 billion. The Singaporean company's leading asset managers adhere to "value investing principles" and are transparent to investors. For more information about the company's chairman and other managers, investors can visit their website. The company was founded in 1993 by Cheng Hye Cheah. June Wong has been the CEO of the company since 2021.

CGS-CIMB Research Pte Ltd. (CGS-CIMB-Research) is the Singapore-based research subsidiary of CIMB Bank Bhd., ultimately owned by CIMB Group Holdings Bhd. (KL: 1023) in Malaysia. The CIMB-GK group consists of several firms operating in close relationship to provide investment research, brokerage, corporate finance services, wealth management and online trading. In addition to Singapore, the CIMB-GK group has offices in London, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Thailand and the US. The firm was formerly known as G. K. Goh Research, established in Singapore in the 1980s. They became CIMB Research Pte Ltd. in 2005 when CIMB acquired G. K. Goh Stockbrokers Pte Ltd. CGS-CIMB-Research is primarily a research and analysis operation which focuses on equity, fixed-income and economic trends in South-East Asia. The firm specializes in regional market predictions, advising the parent group's subsidiaries as well as domestic and foreign fund managers.

Part of Macquarie Group Ltd., PT Macquarie Capital Securities (Indonesia) is an Indonesian company that provides brokerage services. The company is based in Jakarta, Indonesia.

Phillip Securities Pte Ltd. (Phllip Securities) is the stockbroking arm of PhillipCapital in Singapore. Founded in 1975, the firm provides a range of financial services including fund management, bond and securities broking, futures, foreign exchange, precious metals and commodities broking, unit trusts, hedge funds, home loans, insurance, real estate consultancy, investor education and investment research for retail, corporate and institutional clients.

Part of The Hearst Family Trust, Fitch Ratings (Hong Kong) Ltd. provides investment research. The company is based in Hong Kong, Hong Kong.

Morgan Stanley Asia (Singapore) Pte. (Morgan Stanley Asia-SG) is the securities brokerage subsidiary of Morgan Stanley (Singapore) Holdings Pte. Ltd., ultimately held by Morgan Stanley (NYSE: MS) in the US. Headquartered in Singapore, Morgan Stanley Asia-SG offers sales, securities trading and market-making services to Global institutions, hedge funds and industry innovators.

Yuanta Securities Vietnam Ltd. Co. (YSVN) is a broker/dealer headquartered in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. The firm was founded in 2006 and is a subsidiary of Yuanta Securities Asia Financial Services Ltd., ultimately held by Yuanta Financial Holding Co., Ltd. (TPE: 2885) in Taiwan. YSVN offers securities brokerage services to retail clients.