Andrew Colin Renfrew

National Academy of Sciences operates as a private, nongovernmental institution that advises on issues related to science and technology. It provides independent, objective analysis and advice and conducts other activities to solve complex problems and inform public policy decisions. The firm also encourages education and research, recognize outstanding contributions to knowledge, and increase public understanding in matters of science. The company was founded on March 3, 1863 and is headquartered in Washington, DC.

The British Academy awards prizes and medals to recognize achievements in the humanities and social sciences. The private company is based in London, UK, and has subsidiaries in the United Kingdom. The academy's fellowship represents a wide range of expertise in these disciplines, and their policy and research work is dedicated to applying this knowledge to benefit society.