David Charles Palmer

Columbia Threadneedle Asset Managers Ltd. (CTAM) is an asset management firm headquartered in London, UK. The firm was founded in 1990 as F&C Asset Managers Ltd. and renamed BMO Asset Managers Ltd. in 2018. They changed their name to Columbia Threadneedle Asset Managers Ltd. when BMO rebranded to Columbia Threadneedle Investments in 2022. The firm is a subsidiary of Columbia Threadneedle AM (Holdings) Plc, ultimately held by Ameriprise Financial, Inc. (NYSE: AMP) in the US. CTAM manages a range of in-house and multi-manager funds for private individuals and institutional clients.

The Guardian Life Insurance Company of America engages in the provision of life insurance services. It offers insurance services in life, disability, and dental insurance services. The company was founded in 1860 and is headquartered in New York, NY.

Founded in 1997, Aviva Investors Americas LLC is a registered investment advisor headquartered in Des Moines, Iowa. The firm was also previously known as Aviva Capital Management, Inc. Aviva Investors Americas is a subsidiary of Aviva USA Corp. and their ultimate parent is London-based Aviva Plc (LSE: AV). The firm manages assets for life insurance and annuity companies, re-insurance companies and other institutional clients.

City of London Investment Management Co. Ltd. (CLIM) is an investment advisor firm headquartered in London, UK. The firm was founded by Barry Olliff in 1991 as Streetmatch Ltd. They are a wholly-owned subsidiary of City of London Investment Group Plc (LON: CLIG). CLIM provides investment advisory services to pooled investment vehicles and foreign registered mutual funds.

Invesco Advisers, Inc. is a SEC-registered investment advisor headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia. They are a subsidiary of Invesco Group Services, Inc., ultimately held by Invesco Ltd. (NYSE: IVZ). The firm was founded in 1986 and previously known as Invesco Institutional NA, Inc. until April 2010 when Invesco Ltd. consolidated the businesses of their US investment advisors (Invesco AIM Advisors, Inc., Invesco AIM Capital Management, Inc., Invesco AIM Private Asset Management, Inc. and Invesco Global Asset Management NA, Inc.) under the name Invesco Advisers, Inc. They provide discretionary and non-discretionary investment advisory services to individuals, institutional and high net-worth clients through separate accounts, wrap fee programs and US registered investment companies and other Commingled Funds.

Schroder Investment Management Ltd. (SIM) is the wholly-owned asset management subsidiary of Schroder International Holdings Ltd., ultimately held by Great Britain-based Schroders Plc (LSE: SDR, ADR: SHNWY). Established in 1985, SIM is headquartered in London and caters to a range of clients such as corporations, insurance firms, local and public authorities, charities, pension funds, high net-worth individuals and retail investors.

Newton Investment Management Ltd. (Newton) is the wholly-owned, Great Britain-based investment management subsidiary of Newton Management Ltd., ultimately held by The Bank of New York Mellon Corp. (NYSE: BK) (BNY Mellon) in the US. The firm was founded in 1978 as a joint venture with Scottish insurance broker Reed Stenhouse. In 1986 they were acquired by Alexander & Alexander and were renamed Newton Investment Management. Headquartered in London, Newton provides investment products and services to a wide range of clients, such as pension funds, charities, corporations and individuals (via BNY Mellon). Newton is a signatory to the UN Principles for Responsible Investment (PRI).

Numis Securities Ltd. is an institutional brokerage firm headquartered in London, UK. The firm was founded in 1988 and is a subsidiary of Numis Corp. Plc in (LON: NUM). Numis Securities serves as a corporate broker to several clients across all their sectors, ranging from FTSE 100 to FTSE small-cap companies and AIM-listed companies.

Impax Asset Management (AIFM) Ltd. (IAFM) is the hedge fund management subsidiary of Impax Asset Management Group Plc (LSE: IPX) in Great Britain. The firm is headquartered in London and was founded in 2013. IAFM serves as the investment manager to Private Equity Funds, other private funds and an investment trust that invests in listed equities.

AllianceBernstein LP (AB) is a SEC-registered investment advisor and mutual fund manager headquartered in Nashville, Tennessee. Founded in 2000, the firm is owned by Equitable Financial Life Insurance Co., ultimately held by Equitable Holdings, Inc. (NYSE: EQH). AB provides investment advice to investment companies, pension and profit-sharing plans, banks and thrift institutions, trusts, estates, government agencies, charitable organizations, individuals, corporations and other business entities.

Coutts & Co. is a wealth management firm headquartered in London, UK. The firm was founded in 1755 and is a subsidiary of NatWest Markets Plc, owned by NatWest Group Plc (LON: NWG). Coutts & Co. offers private banking and wealth management services for high-net-worth individuals and their families.

Pictet Asset Management Ltd. (Pictet AM) is an alternative investment management firm headquartered in London, UK. The firm was founded in 1980 and is wholly owned by Pictet Asset Management Holding SA, which is ultimately owned by Banque Pictet & Cie SA in Switzerland. Pictet AM provides discretionary investment management services on a global scale to a wide range of international institutional clients. Furthermore, the firm also acts as the investment adviser or sub-adviser to US-based investment companies and other regulated and unregulated collective investment schemes in international jurisdictions. Pictet AM adheres to the UN Principles for Responsible Investment (UNPRI).

FIL Investment Advisors (UK) Ltd. (FIA UK) is a Great Britain-based fund management firm headquartered in Tadworth, Surrey. Founded in 1984, the firm is a wholly-owned subsidiary of FIL Holdings (UK) Limited, which in turn is a wholly-owned subsidiary of FIL Ltd. in Bermuda. FIA UK provides a range of global investment products and services to institutional accounts, mutual funds and other pooled investment vehicles.

Baring Asset Management Ltd. (Barings UK) is the Great Britain-based subsidiary of Barings Europe Ltd., ultimately held by Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Co. in the US. Barings traces its origins to 1762 when it was founded in London as a firm of merchants and merchant bankers. They were an asset management pioneer in the UK and set up an Investment Department in 1955. In 1989, all of Barings' asset management activities were consolidated within Baring Asset Management. Headquartered in London, the firm manages assets on behalf of pension funds, pooled vehicles, governments, charities and high-net worth individuals. Barings UK offers a wide range of equity and fixed-income mutual funds in both domestic and international markets. They are a socially responsible investor which takes environmental and socially responsible investment issues into account and seek guidance from clients.

Aviva Investors Global Services Ltd. (AIGSL) is the wholly-owned asset management subsidiary of Aviva Investors Holdings Ltd., ultimately held by Aviva plc (LSE: AV, ADR: AV) in Great Britain. Previously known as Morley Fund Management Ltd., the firm was founded in 1973, merged with Norwich Union Investment Management Ltd. in 2000 and underwent restructuring in 2008. Headquartered in London, AIGSL provides investment management services and related advisory to various subsidiaries of the Aviva Group and external clients such as retail funds, pension funds, and other institutional investors.

HSBC Global Asset Management (UK) Ltd. (HSBC GAM-UK) is the wholly owned asset management subsidiary of HSBC Global Asset Management Ltd., ultimately part of HSBC Holdings plc (LON: HSBA, ADR: HSBC) in Great Britain. Headquartered in London, HSBC GAM-UK was founded in 1985 and acts as a discretionary investment manager that offers a wide range of investment solutions across equity, fixed income, liquidity and multi-asset strategies. Their clients include the Group’s retail and private banking customers, financial intermediaries and distributors and institutions.

Russell Investments Ltd. (RIL) is an investment management firm headquartered in London, UK. The firm was founded in 1979 and is a subsidiary of Russell Investments Systems Ltd., itself a subsidiary of Russell Investment Management LLC in the US. RIL provides investment management and investment consulting services for institutions, financial advisors, and individual investors.

Inchcape Family Investments Ltd. engages in the provision of support services. The company was founded on April 1, 1960 and is headquartered in Edinburgh, the United Kingdom.

Impax Asset Management Ltd. (IAM) is a specialist asset manager headquartered in London, UK. The firm was founded by Ian Simm in 1998 and is a wholly owned subsidiary of Impax Asset Management Group plc (LON: IPX). They provide ongoing investment services to the separately managed accounts of various institutional clients based on the investment goals, objectives, time horizon and risk tolerance of each client. IAM is a signatory to the Principles for Responsible Investment (PRI).

PIMCO Europe Ltd. (PIMCO-Europe) is the Great Britain-based subsidiary of PIMCO Global Advisors LLC, ultimately held by Allianz SE (FR: ALV; ADR: AZSEY) in Germany. Established in 1997, PIMCO-Europe is headquartered in London with additional branches in Europe and global offices in Asia, Australia, and the Americas. The firm provides fixed-income investment management services to clients in Great Britain, Europe and the Middle East. In addition to corporate pension funds, their clientele includes foundations, endowments, public retirement plans, central banks and corporate treasury departments. They also serve retail and high-net worth individuals. PIMCO Europe manages discretionary accounts, institutional funds and mutual funds. The firm is involved in the institutional wholesale business, and sub-advises portfolios for third-party fund-of-fund managers.

Morgan Stanley & Co. International Plc (MSCI) is a brokerage firm headquartered in London, UK. The firm was founded in 1986 and is a subsidiary of Morgan Stanley Investments (UK), ultimately held by Morgan Stanley (NYSE: MS) in the US. MSCI provides a range of brokerage services to corporations, governments and financial institutions.

Brewin Dolphin Ltd. (dba RBC Brewin Dolphin) is a wealth management firm headquartered in London, UK. The firm was founded in 1987 as Hill Osborne & Co. and was acquired by Brewin Dolphin Securities Ltd. in 2000. In 2008, they changed their name to Brewin Dolphin Ltd. In 2022, the firm was acquired by Brewin Dolphin Holdings Ltd., a subsidiary of Royal Bank of Canada (TSE: RY), and added RBC Brewin Dolphin as their trading name. RBC Brewin Dolphin offers personalized wealth management services from bespoke, discretionary investment management to retirement planning and tax-efficient investing. They serve affluent, high net worth and ultra-high net worth clients.

Ignis Investment Services Ltd. (IIS) is the asset management subsidiary of Ignis Asset Management Ltd., ultimately held by abrdn Plc (LON: ABDN, ADR: SLFPY) in Great Britain. Headquartered in Edinburgh, the firm was formed following the 2008 merger of Resolution Asset Management and Axial Investment Management. They can trace their origins since 1986. IIS offered tailor-made and pooled solutions for small- to medium-sized pension schemes. Their clients include large corporate pension schemes, charities and life companies along with other strategic partners. They cater to UK retail, institutional and international clients.

Part of Coöperatieve Rabobank UA, Sarasin Investment Funds Ltd. is an Open-End Investment Fund/Unit Trust. The company is based in London, UK and was founded in 1987.

Part of Castle Street Nominees Ltd., Inchcape Family Estates Ltd. functions as an investment holding British company. The company is based in London, UK.

S.I.M. Partnership (London) Ltd. is based in London, UK. Part of JS International Holdings Ltd., S.I.M. Partnership (London) Ltd. is a holding company. Founded in 1996.

Part of Allianz SE, Allianz Global Investors UK Ltd. is a company that provides investment advice. The company is based in London, UK and was founded in 2018.

AMP Capital Investors (UK) Ltd. (AMPCI) is an asset management firm headquartered in London, UK. The firm was founded in 2005 and is a subsidiary of AMP Capital Investors International Holdings Ltd., which is ultimately held by AMP Ltd. (ASX: AMP) in Australia. AMPCI provides investment advisory and management services to individual and institutional clients.

Bank J. Safra Sarasin AG (Investment Management) (J. Safra Sarasin-IM) is the investment management division of Bank J. Safra Sarasin AG, a private banking firm headquartered in Basel, Switzerland. Founded in 1841, the firm is owned by J. Safra Sarasin Holding AG, which is ultimately held by JS International Holdings Ltd. in The Bahamas. J. Safra Sarasin-IM actively manage assets for private and institutional clients.

Tesco Pension Investment Ltd. (TPI) is the pension management subsidiary of Tesco Plc (LON: TSCO) in Great Britain. Headquartered in London, TPI was founded in 2011 to run one of the UK's biggest defined-benefit pension funds and reduce dependence on external providers.

Whitman Asset Management Ltd. (Whitman) is an independent investment manager headquartered in London, UK. The firm was founded by Christopher Pease in 2018 as Whitman Capital Management Ltd. Whitman manages investments held by individuals, companies, trusts and pensions on a multi-asset and global basis.

Ardverikie Estate Ltd. was founded in 1956 and is based in Inverness, UK. The private company is famous for being the location of Glenbogle in Monarch of the Glen. The British company offers self-catering holiday cottages, lodges, and vacation accommodation in the central highlands near Cairngorms National Park.

Institute of Directors In Ireland promotes governance and develops leadership skills. It offer services to boards in Ireland including a non-executive director and chairperson appointment service through the boardroom centre, a board evaluation service, carried out by highly experienced assessors. The company is headquartered in Dublin, Ireland.

The Analyst Research LLP is a British company that provides investment research. The private company is based in London, UK. The company was founded in 2010 by Mark Christopher Hiley, who has been the CEO since 2010.

The Chartered Institute For Securities & Investment operates as securities and investment educational institute. It is the professional body for those who work in the securities and investment industry in the UK and in a growing number of major financial centres round the world. The company was founded in 1992 and is headquartered in London, the United Kingdom.